Energy Aware Scheduler of Single/Multi-Node Jobs Considering CPU Node Heterogeneity

2022 IEEE 13th International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC), 24-25 October 2022, Pittsburgh, PA, USAModern CPUs suffer from power efficiency heterogeneity, which can result in additional energy cost or performance loss. On the other hand, future supercomputers are expected to be power constrained. This paper focuses on energy aware scheduling algorithms targeted on two situations considering this node heterogeneity. In single-node situation, workload consists of various single-node jobs, Combinatorial Optimization Algorithm saves energy by calculating a local optimal power efficiency node allocation plan from KM (Kuhn-Munkres) algorithm. In multi-node situation, power cap causes load unbalancing in multi-node jobs due to the node heterogeneity. Sliding Window Algorithm targets on reducing such unbalancing by sliding window. Proposed algorithms are evaluated in the simulation and real supercomputer environment. In single-node situation, Combinatorial Optimization Algorithm achieved up to 2.92% saving. For the multi-node situation, workload is designed based on real historic workload, and up to 5.36% saving was achieved by Sliding Window Algorithm

Significado y valor de la cooperación deportiva internacional: El caso del fútbol

Este artículo explora el significado y el valor de la cooperación internacional en el deporte desde la perspectiva de la cooperación. Comprender la naturaleza del deporte y, por extensión, la economía del deporte. Conocer y analizar la situación actual de la economía del deporte en el mundo, en la Unión Europea, en España y en China. Entender el desarrollo actual del fútbol, encontrar y analizar la situación actual del fútbol en el mundo, en la Unión Europea, en España y en China, y destacar el desarrollo y la situación actual del fútbol en China y en España, compararlos y contrastarlos y encontrar un camino para el fútbol chino a la luz de las tendencias y cambios actuales en el mundo. Este trabajo consta de varias secciones principales. La primera parte presenta los componentes y objetivos de la cooperación internacional. La segunda parte explica primero la naturaleza del deporte y luego describe los objetivos y las aplicaciones del deporte en la cooperación internacional. La parte III presenta el desarrollo y la situación actual de la economía del deporte. La parte IV presenta el desarrollo y la situación actual del fútbol. La quinta parte expondrá las tendencias y los retos de la cooperación futbolística entre China y España en el contexto de la actual situación internacional. Estas secciones, junto con el resumen, la conclusión y el anexo, conforman el trabajo completo.Grado en Comerci

Shaping Urban Resilience: Whether Social Media Data Can Aid in Improving Disaster Management

In order to shape urban resilience, it is necessary to understand disaster risks to get better disaster response. Twitter allows people to collect abundant real-time or historical social media data via its API, which gradually make it a repository for disaster-related information collection. This study has two research objectives. The first is to evaluate whether Twitter data can reflect the emergency and vulnerability and thus aid in disaster response when Hurricane Harvey struck Houston in 2017. The second is to evaluate whether Twitter data can be used to perform damage assessment after Hurricane Harvey. Three new conceptions are defined to perform evaluation: tweet awareness (TAw), tweet activity (TAc) and tweet focus (TFo). By comparing with other variables such as normalized average proximity (NAP), social vulnerability index (SVI) through spatiotemporal analysis, main conclusions are drawn as the following. First, the temporal distribution of tweets is periodic: the tweets at night are much more than that in the daytime and there exists the “outbreak” time of the tweets. Second, when the hurricane is getting closer to the land, the TAw is increasing and vice versa, which reflect the emergency situation of hurricane temporally. Third, there is no statistically significant relationship between TAw and NAP based on county-level data. Fourth, the relationship between TFo and SVI is not statistically significant and thus, the twitter data could not reflect the social vulnerability. Next, there is no significant relationship between them spatially and it is not feasible to perform rapid assessment of damage loss. Last but not least, the highest clustered point (the points share the same coordinate) of hurricane-related tweets is located in the University of Houston Downtown, which indicates that main active users of Twitter might be college school students

Best-kk Search Algorithm for Neural Text Generation

Modern natural language generation paradigms require a good decoding strategy to obtain quality sequences out of the model. Beam search yields high-quality but low diversity outputs; stochastic approaches suffer from high variance and sometimes low quality, but the outputs tend to be more natural and creative. In this work, we propose a deterministic search algorithm balancing both quality and diversity. We first investigate the vanilla best-first search (BFS) algorithm and then propose the Best-$k$ Search algorithm. Inspired by BFS, we greedily expand the top $k$ nodes, instead of only the first node, to boost efficiency and diversity. Upweighting recently discovered nodes accompanied by heap pruning ensures the completeness of the search procedure. Experiments on four NLG tasks, including question generation, commonsense generation, text summarization, and translation, show that best-$k$ search yields more diverse and natural outputs compared to strong baselines, while our approach maintains high text quality. The proposed algorithm is parameter-free, lightweight, efficient, and easy to use.Comment: 17 page

Differences in diversity and community assembly processes between planktonic and benthic diatoms in the upper reach of the Jinsha River, China

Comparing spatio-temporal patterns between planktonic and benthic algae is helpful for understanding their associations and differences. However, such studies are still rare especially in large rivers. We used a dataset collected in the upper reach of the Jinsha River in different seasons to explore biodiversity and assembly processes of planktonic and benthic diatom assemblages. We found that planktonic and benthic diatoms presented different seasonal variation in species richness and community compositions. We also found evidence that planktonic and benthic diatoms were coupled in the summer. Planktonic diatom assemblages were mainly affected by spatial processes via directional spatial dispersal, especially in the summer. By comparison, benthic diatom assemblages were more affected by environmental processes. Our findings suggest that mass effect and species sorting paradigms explain the assembly processes of planktonic and benthic diatom assemblages, respectively, but the explanatory powers of these two paradigms vary seasonally. To effectively monitor and assess ecological conditions of large rivers, we recommend using benthic algae as a biotic indicator group as they had stronger correlations with environmental factors.Peer reviewe

Overview of Grounding Schemes for Solid-State Transformers in Distribution Networks

Proposed to be the critical enabling component for future distribution networks, solid-state transformers (SSTs) have drawn much attention lately. They have a massive potential to help reduce size and weight, improve efficiency, integrate microgrids, renewables and energy storages in distribution systems, and can fulfil multiple grid functions such as bidirectional power flow control, fault isolation, system reconfiguration, and post-fault restoration. The introduction of these power electronics devices in distribution systems, however, also brings new challenges to the grid. Extra levels of electromagnetic interference, stray current, and personnel safety are among the most prominent practical issues that proper grounding arrangements can address. In this paper, considerations that should be factored into the grounding scheme design for SST ports with different voltage forms and levels are thoroughly reviewed and summarised. The characteristics of various grounding schemes used in AC and DC distribution systems are evaluated and compared in detail from different perspectives. Based on the comprehensive review, several combinations of grounding schemes are recommended for typical SSTs. In addition, the inclusion of new relay protection devices in the SST grounding scheme design, considering their characteristics and unique requirements, to enhance protection and reliability is also discussed

PathMLP: Smooth Path Towards High-order Homophily

Real-world graphs exhibit increasing heterophily, where nodes no longer tend to be connected to nodes with the same label, challenging the homophily assumption of classical graph neural networks (GNNs) and impeding their performance. Intriguingly, we observe that certain high-order information on heterophilous data exhibits high homophily, which motivates us to involve high-order information in node representation learning. However, common practices in GNNs to acquire high-order information mainly through increasing model depth and altering message-passing mechanisms, which, albeit effective to a certain extent, suffer from three shortcomings: 1) over-smoothing due to excessive model depth and propagation times; 2) high-order information is not fully utilized; 3) low computational efficiency. In this regard, we design a similarity-based path sampling strategy to capture smooth paths containing high-order homophily. Then we propose a lightweight model based on multi-layer perceptrons (MLP), named PathMLP, which can encode messages carried by paths via simple transformation and concatenation operations, and effectively learn node representations in heterophilous graphs through adaptive path aggregation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms baselines on 16 out of 20 datasets, underlining its effectiveness and superiority in alleviating the heterophily problem. In addition, our method is immune to over-smoothing and has high computational efficiency